The Earth Dragon Awakes

1.  Bibliography

Yep, Laurence. 2006. The Earth Dragon Awakes: The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.  ISBN 9780060275259.

2.  Plot Summary

A tale of hometown heroes and courage, this story revolving around the 1906 San Francisco earthquake is moving – and not just under your feet.  Starting April 17, 1906, the reader follows good friends Henry (8 years old) and Chin (9 years old) through their families’ fight to survival during and after the earthquake.  Henry is from a wealthy neighborhood in which all of the survivors are scrambling to protect their families and their belongings.  Neighbors are gathering as many of their possessions as they can out of their homes and carrying them through the streets on anything with wheels.  Henry’s mother even manages to take some of her umbrella collection out of the house.  Chin’s home is in Chinatown where many Chinese immigrants are simply looking to escape the dangers of the fire.  Each short chapter alternates between Henry and Chin’s stories with occasional interjections about the earthquake itself.  The story ends on April 29, 1906 with the hills of rubble left behind that San Francisco is already starting to attempt to rebuild.    

3.  Critical Analysis

The theme of ordinary men being shown as heroes is highlighted throughout the book.  At the beginning of the story, Henry and Chin express their love of “penny dreadfuls”, stories about Wyatt Earp who lives a life of excitement and adventure.  Through different scenes and trauma of the earthquake, each boy compares his father to Earp and the stories they have read.  The boys realize that their fathers are just as exciting and courageous.  In the final chapter, Henry whispers to Chin “’We don’t have to look far for heroes.  They were right under our noses all this time’” (105). 

This story accurately captures the affects that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake had on the earth, the families and the city.  Yep lends much attention to details about the earthquake itself including aftershocks and fires that broke out afterward.  His research and reliability are impeccable.  There is a detailed afterword about the earthquake, selected readings (including Yep’s interpretation of the most accurate book), other books to read and a list of websites you can find more information on.  The final pages include 6 photos of the chaos in the city.  Yep ties these into the story by including captions that relate the photos to the story. 

4.  Award & Review Excerpts

    Nominated for Sunshine State Young Reader’s Book Award

    Nominated for Texas Bluebonnet Award

   

“Devotees of penny dreadfuls, both boys long for excitement, not their fathers' ordinary routine lives. When the earthquake shakes the city and a firestorm breaks out, Henry and his parents scramble in the chaos and battle the fire, but must ultimately evacuate their home. Ching and his father survive the collapse of their Chinatown tenement, and flee to the ferry through the debris and turmoil”. -- Booklist

“Yep's research is exhaustive. He covers all the most significant repercussions of the event, its aftershocks, and days of devastating fires, and peppers the story with interesting true-to-life anecdotes. The format is a little tedious-one chapter visits Henry's affluent neighborhood, the next ventures to Chin's home in Chinatown, and back again-and the "ordinary heroes" theme is presented a bit heavy-handedly”. -- School Library Journal

5.  Connections

-  Other books about the San Francisco earthquake of 1906:

•   Bronson, William. The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned. 1959. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co. ISBN 9780811850476.

•   Karwoski, Gail. Quake! : a disaster in San Francisco, 1906. 2006. Atlanta, GA: Peachtree. ISBN 9781561453696.

•   Tarshis, Lauren. I survived the San Francisco earthquake, 1906. 2012. Jefferson City, MO: Scholastic. ISBN 9780545206990.

-Ask children to write a story about what they would do if they were in an earthquake.  Invite them to include illustrations to thoroughly think about the consequences such a natural disaster could have. 

-Create a simulaneous earthquake discussion.  Read books about earthquake in general.  Teach children how and why they happen.  After research, pose the question “What is the earthquake?”

The Extraordinary Mark Twain (According to Susy)

1.  Bibliography

Kerley, Barbara. 2010. The Extraordinary Mark Twain (According to Susy). Ill. by Edwin Fotheringham. Scholastic Press. ISBN 9780545125086.

2.  Plot Summary

Susy, Mark Twain’s 13-year-old daughter, used a journal to create her own biography about her father.  Kerley uses this biography to create a kid-friendly story about Mark Twain through the eyes of his daughter.  Susy says she wants the world to know more of Mark Twain than just his humorous side.  Kerley uses her interpretation of Susy’s story combined with journal excerpts on small pages that are titled “journal” and are written in script-like handwriting.  These pages are quotes from Susy and are made even more realistic with the inclusion of her spelling errors.  The story is followed by an author’s note, advice on creating a biography for children, and a timeline of Mark Twain’s life.  

3.  Critical Analysis

The Extraordinary Mark Twain (According to Susy) is based on a subject that could be considered drab - a story about a person writing a biography.  Kerley has turned this into an interesting, humorous and entertaining subject.  Susy has a unique perspective for Twain’s biography including quotes from her journal as a 13-year-old.  Kerley has used information about Twain’s life from multiple sources including the original manuscript of Susy’s biography about her father (the book, Papa, is an alternative source for those that do not have access to the original manuscript), Biography of Mark Twain, and a variety of other books about Mark Twain.  

Edwin Fotheringham created digital illustrations that are humorous, eye-catching and appropriately aligned with the story.  The story starts and ends with Susy using an oversized pen.  This sets the mood for the silly yet informative story the reader will indulge in.  Each page includes curvy lines to represent action or speaking on behalf of the characters of the book that adds whimsy to the illustrations.  The text is written in a large variety of fonts and colors which create a fun reading atmosphere.  All of the quotes are listed in quotation marks and bolded which emphasize Susy’s direct input into the story.  Although this is fun and whimsical, some of the words and fonts are difficult to read at times. 

One of the most fun parts of this book is finding a segment of Susy’s journal on the page you are reading.  Her journal segments are included on smaller pages which add a three-dimensional feel to the book.  Her misspellings and heart-felt writings are amusing and touching.  This is a well-organized and entertaining story about the extraordinary Mark Twain coupled with inviting and unique illustrations.  

4.  Award & Review Excerpts

Publishers Weekly Best Children’s Books Award Winner

School Library Journal Best Books of the Year Award Winner

California Book Awards Nominee

Texas Bluebonnet Award Nominee

“Adding dynamic flair to the limited palettes of each digitally created scene are curlicues representing words, which emanate wildly from pen tips, pages, and mouths. Author notes about Susy and her father, a time line of Twain's life, and tips for writing an "extraordinary biography" complete this accessible and inventive vision of an American legend.”  -- Publishers Weekly Review

“Though a story about someone writing a book sounds a bit static and it sometimes is Kerley manages to bring Susy and her famous father to life using plenty of household anecdotes. With a restrained palette and a fine sense of line, Fotheringham's stylized, digital illustrations are wonderfully freewheeling, sometimes comical, and as eccentric as Susy's subject.” -- Booklist Review

“The text flawlessly segues into Susy's carefully recorded, sometimes misspelled, details of his character, intimate life, and work routine during his most prolific years. Digitally enhanced illustrations, colored with a Victorian palette and including dynamic, inventive perspectives, tell volumes about the subject by way of Fotheringham's technique of drawing lines that represent Twain's impatience, mirth, smoking habit, love for family and cats, storytelling, pool-playing, and truth-pondering.” -- School Library Journal Review

5.  Connections

• Invite children to use the advice on creating a biography at the end of the book and start a biography about someone in their family.
• As part of a history discussion, ask children to choose other biographies they are interested in reading.  Recommend the following titles:
• Fleming, Candace. 2011. Amelia lost: the life and disappearance of Amelia Earhart. Schwartz & Wade Books. ISBN 9780375841989
• Holzer, Harold. 2011. Father Abraham: Lincoln and his sons. Calkins Creek. ISBN 9781590783030
• Reef, Catherine. 2011. Jane Austen: a life revealed. Clarion Books. ISBN 9780547370217.
• Schroeder, Alan. 2011. Ben Franklin: his wit and wisdom from A to Z. Ill. by John O’Brien. Holiday House. ISBN 9780823419500.
• Read a variety of biographies about Mark Twain and compare the differences in perspectives of life.  Relevant titles include:
• Blitt, Barry. 2011. The adventures of Mark Twain by Huckleberry Finn. Ill. by Robert Burleigh. Atheneum Books for Young Readers. ISBN 9780689830419
• Sonneborn, Liz. 2010. Mark Twain. Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 9781604137286

Kakapo Rescue: Saving the world's strangest parrot

1.  Bibliography

Montgomery, Sy. 2010. Kakapo Rescue: Saving the world’s strangest parrot. Ill. by Nic Bishop. New York, NY. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children.  

2.  Plot Summary

This non-fiction story is about a parrot called the kakapo that is fighting extinction.  A bird that was once common all over New Zealand became endangered when the first settlers of New Zealand, Maori, and their dogs were predators of the kakapo.  There are less than 100 kakapo parrots left on earth and they all live in New Zealand on Codfish Island.  Much of the story is dedicated to New Zealand’s National Kakapo Recovery Team that is working to prevent extinction this beautiful, loving bird that is unable to fly.  These volunteers work hard days and sleepless nights in a variety of ways to fight the devastating threat that the world’s strangest parrot is facing.  

Sy Montgomery and Nic Bishop are describing the ten day trip in which they lived amongst the parrots and volunteers in New Zealand.  Their text and photographic exploration of this world is combined into 74 pages of information about the kakapo, the recovery team, and New Zealand.   

3.  Critical Analysis

The story of the kakapo and its struggle to survive is moving and interesting.  Montgomery and Bishop are creating awareness for endangered animal species that may otherwise be overlooked, especially by children in the recommended age range for this book.  Any reader will be touched by the amount of time and effort the volunteers and recovery team spend to protect this species.  Aside from the social responsibility that children are introduced to, the wealth of knowledge that the book contains far exceeded my expectations.  The conflict of the birds against the wild barely scraps the surface of what Montgomery offers.  Photos and information about New Zealand, the volunteers and their work and the personalized story of multiple birds are truly the heart of the book.  

Although the story is heartfelt and informative, the book would certainly hold the attention of an older child much longer than a third grade child.  Many of the 74 pages are filled with words and could likely cause a child much younger than 11 years old to loose interest quickly.  The author and illustrator fight the overload of information gallantly by creating a photo essay which personalizes the story and creates appropriateness for a wide range of ages.  That being said, this book is a great non-fiction book that could provide endless information for a book report or study of animals.  Fortunately, the enthusiasm and conversational style text are very beneficial when reading such a heavy story.  

Bishop has taken photographs that could not be paired better with Montgomery’s story.  The photos are real, breathtaking and create a vision for children of what the strange parrot looks like from infancy to adulthood.  Readers will understand the beauty of New Zealand and the kakapo through each page.  Also, the snapshots of volunteers truly show the joy that have in working with these birds and complement the information so well. There is not a better way to illustrate such a story and the photographs truly bring the entire book together.  These photographs coupled with the brilliant organization of each page create a photo essay informational book that is brilliant and breathtaking.  

4.  Award & Review Excerpts

Robert F. Sibert Informational Book Award Winner

American Library Association Notable Books for Children Award Winner

    Nominated for Young Hoosier Book Award 

”Montgomery and Bishop were granted 10 days in which to accompany members of the team (many volunteering their time and efforts) as they radio-tracked the birds night and day in their forest habitat, weighed chicks, watched nesting behavior through hidden cameras, and plowed through gale-force winds and torrential rain to monitor the well-being of their charges. Excellent photos and a readable, conversational text provide an intimate look at a concerted effort to save a drastically endangered species unfamiliar to most of the world outside Down Under.”  -- School Library Journal Review 

“Young readers will be fascinated by the incredible measures that the passionate workers follow to help the new birds hatch, and many will share the team's heartbreak when some chicks die. Bishop's photos of the creatures and their habitat are stunning; an awe-inspiring, closing image of the world's eighty-seventh known Kakapo emerging from its shell captures the miracle of birth, for any species.” -- Booklist Starred Review

5.  Connections

• Before reading the story, ask students if they have ever heard of a kakapo?  What about a parrot?  Invite them to draw how they would imagine a kakapo would look.  
• Invite children (6th and 7th grade) to read this story independently.  Assign chapters and discuss each one on a scheduled day. 
• Ask students what part of that chapter they remember specifically and review those parts to discuss as a group.  
• Look at all of the photos in each chapter and discuss what the photo means or is to the students.  

              - Ask children that would like to write a letter thanking the volunteers and New Zealand’s National Kakapo Recovery Team.  Send this letter with any donations that adults or parents would like to lend to the organization.  

             -Create a chart on the wall with the number of kakapo currently living in the world (see   the regularly updated web page for this information www.kakaporecovery.org.nz.) and update this monthly.  This creates continued awareness for children to remember the story of the kakapo.  

Down, Down, Down: a journey to the bottom of the sea

1.  Bibliography
Jenkins, Steve. 2009. Down, Down, Down: a journey to the bottom of the sea. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children. ISBN 9780618966363.

2.  Plot Summary

This journey to the bottom of the sea is created by a well-known and respected author in the field of nonfiction books for children.  Jenkins provides a story of facts about the creatures you will find from right above the sea all the way to the deepest spot in the ocean.  The book starts out just above the surface and Jenkins discusses a variety of things including sights, sounds, and animals as you dive deeper into the ocean.  Throughout you will find a variety of animals and tidbits of information about their survival.  The last pages are more in-depth descriptions of each animal that is mentioned on each page.   

3.  Critical Analysis

Jenkins creates a credible and informative story that would be appropriate for children in kindergarten and up.  The author’s reputation in children’s nonfiction creates a feeling or comfort with the accuracy in the story and his bibliography instills even more confidence in the information.  The organization of the book is creative and logical.  Jenkins begins just above the surface and explores further and further down with each subtitled page. Along the right side of the page, readers can follow the level of depth in the sea they are exploring.  The end of the book is supported with detailed descriptions of each animal including a comparison of the size of the creature and the human body.  

The design and organization of this book is logical and inviting.  Readers are introduced to creatures of the sea but are not overwhelmed with information on each page.  The animal illustrations are unique yet accurate and some are even described based upon their relationship to the depth and darkness of the ocean.  The white text is easy to read and compliments the dark blues and black backgrounds.  The text is not only appropriately colored but the writing, placement and vocabulary is exactly what I would expect out of this type of book.  Jenkins does not hold back with factual information but maintains vocabulary appropriate for the recommended age group for the book.  Children will be drawn into the collage illustrations and depth measurements along the right side of the page.  All of the bright and accurate images pop on the page just as they would if you could see this deep in the ocean.  

4.  Award & Review Excerpts

American Library Association Notable Books for Children Award Winner

“Sophisticated cut- and torn-paper collage-work fit the alien qualities of the subjects well; it's equally at home capturing the tiered needlepoints of lizardfish teeth as it is delivering an impressive and illuminating display of bioluminescence.”  -- Booklist Review

“Usually three or four animals-whales, fish, worms, and more-are featured. Sometimes colorful or luminescent and often toothy, they are both familiar and strange. In some views, the animals are relative in size, but in others, those that are actually quite different in scale appear to be similar.” -- School Library Journal Review

“A must for any geography or natural history collection, this will be a great preparation for an aquarium visit or any discussion of ecology. More than that, however, it manages to convey the fact that most of our world is very, very different from what we experience, and that there may be nothing so strange and wonderful as our own planetary home.” -- The Bulletin Starred Review

5.  Connections

• Invite students to read this story before a trip to the aquarium or discussion about the deep sea and it’s creatures.  
• Other books by Steve Jenkins:

• Jenkins, Steve. Actual Size. 2004. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0618375945
• Jenkins, Steve. Wiggling Worms at Work. HarperCollins. ISBN 006028448X
• Jenkins, Steve and Robin Page. Move!. Ill. by Steve Jenkins. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 061864637X

• Related books about the sea:

• Berger, Melvin. Dive! a book of deep sea creatures. 2000. Scholastic. ISBN 0439087473
• Jenkins, Steve. Into the A, B, Sea: an ocean alphabet. 2000. Scholastic Press.   ISBN 0439096960
• Neubecker, Robert. Wow! Ocean! 2011. Disney/Hyperion Books. ISBN 9781423131137
• Phillips, Gary R. and Jennifer Kramer. Ocean Hide and Seek. 2009. Sylvan Dell. ISBN 9781934359914

Bees, Snails and Peacock Tails

1.  Bibliography
Franco, Betsy. 2008. Bees, Snails and Peacock Tails. Ill. by Steve Jenkins. New York: Simon & Schuster Children’s Publishing Division. ISBN 9781416903864

 2.  Plot Summary
Betsy Franco creates a poem that engages the reader into considering shapes and patterns in nature.  First, Franco introduces the theme of the poem so readers are engaged and prepared for what is to come throughout the book.  She starts with bees and describes patterns on multiple animals and insects eventually ending with topshell snails.  The poem includes nature on land, in the air and in the sea.  

3.  Critical Analysis
The rhyming and cadence of this poem are extremely age appropriate and beneficial to the reader.  A child (or adult!) may not even recognize all that they have learned while they bounce through the shapes and patterns that Franco presents.  The words move around the pages while drawing attention to the geometry of nature.  Not only is the placement of the words important, the specific diction is spot on for this book.  The readers can stay engaged and learn information about the animal world without being daunted by difficult or overwhelming words.  The descriptions on each page are factual and teach readers more about nature.  

The collage illustrations by Steve Jenkins compliment the imagery that is created by Franco’s words.  Jenkins adds life to the motif of the poem through vivid artwork with bright colors and textures.  Nature comes alive through this art and allows the reader to be engaged in the consistent cadence.  Each animal, insect or sea creature is focused on and large enough for details - namely patterns and shapes to be shown.  For example, the ants are so large that a cookie in the illustration is comparable in size (larger than a fist).  

4.  Review Excerpt(s) and Awards
PUBLISHERS WEEKLY- **Starred Review**  “Whether addressing hexagonal beehive cells or a snail's spiral shell, brisk rhymes draw attention to nature's math, as in this description of moth wings' symmetry: Notice the colors/ and stunning 'eyes,'/ perfectly matched/ on either side.”

BOOKLIST - **Starred Review** “Verses tuck neatly into each subject's double-page spread or cleverly echo its shape, mimicking the spiral lines of a snail's shell or the rounded exterior of a puffer fish, and an appending section explains the scientific facts behind each poem.”

Nominated for Kentucky Bluegrass Book Award

5. Connections

• Provide children with paper and glue sticks and suggest that they create their own shapes in nature.  
• Other poems for children about nature:
• Red Sings from Treetops, Butterfly Eyes and Other Secrets of the Meadow by Joyce Sidman

One of those Hideous Books Where the Mother Dies

1.  Bibliography
Sones, Sonya.  2004.  One of those Hideous Books Where the Mother Dies. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 9780689858208

2.  Plot Summary

Ruby Milliken is struck with depression when her mother dies.  Her closest family member, Aunt Duffy, cannot keep Ruby with her and she is forced to move away from her boyfriend and best friend Lizzie in Massachusetts to California with her famous father.  Ruby thought that she understood everything about her father, Whip Logan, based on his lack of presence and what she learned in watching his blockbuster films.  After Ruby spends more time with Whip, she progressively dislikes him less.  Max, Whip’s assistant, grows very close with Ruby and helps her handle hardships and influences her to grow closer with her father.  As time goes on, Ruby learns more about why her father was not around for 15 years and finally feels comfortable with her father and life in California.  

 3.  Critical Analysis

A story of teenage angst that anyone would enjoy, Ruby Milliken tells her tale in verse and personal letters.  Young adult readers that are having a difficult time picking up a book would likely benefit from giving this book a try.  Most lines have one to five words making the story a quick read.  Sonya Sones uses these short lines to create a cadence in verse that flows smoothly and her diction reflects that of a teenage girl very accurately.  Ruby’s melodramatic descriptions and words display her emotions well with so few words.  The benefits of this novel go beyond entertainment, there are so many real-life problems that are addressed in this novel which could have great impact on the reader.  There are moments appropriate for laughing or crying and although Ruby is depressed about her situation she seems to make light of all of her problems.  

Sones uses bolded titles at the top of the first page of each verse that have strong meaning to the plot.  She also uses left alignment for all of the lines during the story unless they have significant affect.  This draws the attention of the reader to the words and emphasis that the author intended.  She uses word placement and font formatting to have an impact on the way that the story is interpreted.  For example, Ruby and Whip are in the middle of an earthquake and the lines are shifted around the page to emphasize the chaos of her feelings during the natural disaster.   Also, when the story is being told through letters the font changes to something more juvenile.  Sones did a fantastic job with font formatting and depicting Ruby’s story.  

4.  Review Excerpt(s) and Awards

Award Nominations: Grand Canyon Reader Award, Pennsylvania Young Reader’s Choice Award, SCASL Book Award, Garden State Teen Book Award.

Award Winner: ALA Best Book for Young Adults,  ALA Top Ten Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Readers, Iowa Teen Award.

VOICE OF YOUTH ADVOCATES - “Ruby's grieving for her mother is heartbreaking, but also humorous and never overwrought. Without being preachy, Sones addresses stereotyping, variations of friendship, betrayal by loved ones, and parent-child relationships.”

PUBLISHERS WEEKLY - “Sones gives the audience clear signals of what Ruby can't allow herself to take in. Readers will accept some melodrama because, even with a few contrivances, Ruby's voice conveys genuine emotions.”

5. Connections

• Invite readers to read What my mother doesn’t know and What my girlfriend doesn’t know by Sonya Sones -- these stories share some similar free verse which readers may enjoy.
• Ask middle school readers to discuss their thoughts on the verse novel after reading it independently.  
• present questions such as: 
• Did you like this novel?
• Can you relate to any of Ruby’s feelings?
• What do you think the author wanted you to get from reading this novel?

Red Sings from Treetops

1.  Bibliography
Sidman, Joyce. 2009. Red Sings from Treetops.  Ill. by Pamela Zagarenski.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children. ISBN 9780547014944.

2.  Plot Summary

Red Sings from Treetops is a story about the seasons told through colors.  We flow whimsically through the seasons and their colors following a crowned figure and a crowned white dog.  Sidman begins with Spring describing the sounds, scents, smells and feelings of reds, greens, yellows and more colors.  She continues on with Summer, Fall and Winter.  Each season is described from a variety of points in the day including morning, afternoon and evening.  This story is illustrated with animals and scenes that one may see in each of the seasons.  With every sight, smell, sound and feeling that Sidman describes, Zagarenski compliments with beautiful mixed media artwork.  

3.  Critical Analysis

The words that are colors described in a season are emphasized by the font being written in that color.  The best part about this poem is that color metaphors that may not typically be considered common in each season are emphasized.  For example, Sidman describes Spring in “White / can be quiet, too: / delicate petals filled with light / smell / white”.  Sidman did not stick to the basic colors one would mention in a season but used deep and thoughtful descriptions such as the color of pink cheeks and the smell of white petals.  The beginning of each season is emphasized with a heading titled in capital letters of the name of the season.  This starts each season definitely so that the reader follows where they are in the poem.  The placement of each word is important and reflects the importance of the word itself - some words have right alignment, some have left alignment and some are justified.  This word placement changes the rhythm of the poem and the way the reader interprets it.  

The illustrations are beautiful and unique.  In a setting that is very exciting and detailed, the colors of emphasis in each section of the poem stand out on every page.  Eccentric artwork and illustrations are on every page.  The crowned figure always wears an outfit with abstract and different designs.  Sometimes, the figure and the dog are even traveling on wheels.  There are hidden letters, numbers and words on each page.  For example, the page for Spring describing green has the crowned figure standing on a large wheel that has the word “circle” written repeatedly around the rim.  This book could be read and re-read to find details in the artwork that may be missed during the first read.  

4.  Review Excerpt(s) and Awards

Nominated for a Caldecott Medal

Won Minnesota Book Award

Won American Library Association Notable Books for Children Award

BOOKLIST - *Starred Review* “Throughout, the mixed-media illustrations, including collage and paintings on wood, provide much to look at. And as the title implies, the colors that surprise on every page do sing.”

SCHOOL LIBRARY JOURNAL - “Some of Zagarenski's mixed-media paintings are full of light and others are darker and slightly haunting, but the rich colors come to life on the page. The words and pictures depend upon one another and blend well to conjure up quirky, magical imagery.”

5.  Connections

• While reading Red Sings from Treetops aloud, invite the listeners to find examples of the colors of the seasons on each page.  
• Read one of Joyce Sidman’s poetry books every week including Butterfly Eyes and Other Secrets of the Meadow, Eureka!, and The World According to Dog.
• Go outside during each season and find the colors in sight, smell, touch and feeling in real life.  Discuss your findings as a group.